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In preparation: ​

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Wu, X., A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, B. G. Reichl, and F. Lu, 2025: Pinpointing sources of equatorial Pacific SST biases in a coupled GCM via surface flux adjustments, under GFDL internal review.

 

Wu, X., A. T. Wittenberg, F. Zeng, 2025: Understanding and improving ENSO simulation via mean-state bias corrections, in prep

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Submitted or under review: ​​

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Lawman, A., C. Sun, X. Wu, et al. 2025: Tropical rainfall changes in response to a weaker AMOC: Mechanisms and an integrative model-data comparison for Heinrich Stadial 1, submitted​.

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DiNezio, P. N., T. Shanahan, T. Sun, C. Sun, X. Wu, A. Lawman, D. Lea, and M. Kageyama, U. Merkel, M. Prange, B. Otto-Bliesner, and X. Zhang, 2025: The tropical response to weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nature, in revision.

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Published: 

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2024

​11. Wu, X, S. G. Yeager, C. Deser, A. Capotondi, A. T. Wittenberg, and M. J. McPhaden, 2024: Predictability of tropical Pacific decadal variability is dominated by oceanic Rossby waves, npj Clim. and Atmos. Sci., 7, 292 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00851-7.

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10. Bilbao, R., P. Ortega, D. Swingedouw, L. Hermanson, P. Athanasiadis, R. Eade, M. Devilliers, F. Doblas-Reyes, N. Dunstone, A.-C. Ho, W. Merryfield, J. Mignot, D. Nicolì, M. Samsó, R. Sospedra-Alfonso, X. Wu, and S. Yeager, 2024: Impact of volcanic eruptions on CMIP6 decadal predictions: A multi-model analysis, Earth Syst. Dynam. 15, 501–525, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-501-2024​.

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2023​

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9. Wu, X., 2023: Long La Niña events could rise in frequency as the planet warms. Nature, 619, 702–703, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02331-z. (Invited commentary, not peer-reviewed)

    Open access to this article via the SharedIt link: https://rdcu.be/dhVIX

 

8. Wu, X., S. G. Yeager, C. Deser, N. Rosenbloom, and G. A. Meehl, 2023: Volcanic forcing degrades multiyear-to-decadal prediction skill in the tropical Pacific. Science Advances, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add9364.

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7. Maher, N., R. C. J. Wills, P. N. DiNezio, J. Klavans, S. Milinsk, S. C. Sanchez, S. Stevenson, M. F. Stuecker, and X. Wu, 2023: The future of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Using large ensembles to illuminate time-varying responses and inter-model differences, Earth Syst. Dynam. 14, 413–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-413-2023.

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2022​

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6. Yeager, S. G., N. Rosenbloom, A. A. Glanville, X. Wu, I. Simpson, H. Li, M. J. Molina, K. Krumhardt, S. Mogen, K. Lindsay, D. Lombardozzi, W. Weider, W. M. Kim, J. H. Richter, M. Long, G. Danabasoglu, D. Bailey, M. Holland, N. Lovenduski, W. G. Strand, and T. King, 2022:  The Seasonal-to-Multiyear Large Ensemble (SMYLE) Prediction System using the Community Earth System Model Version 2. Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6451–6493, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6451-2022.

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5. Wu, X., Y. M. Okumura, P. N. DiNezio, S. G. Yeager, and C. Deser, 2022: The Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Bias in CESM1 and its Influence on ENSO Forecasts. J. Climate, 35, 3261–3277, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0470.1.

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2021 and before​

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4. Wu, X., Y. M. Okumura, C. Deser, and P. N. DiNezio, 2021: Two-year Dynamical Predictions of ENSO Event Duration during 1954–2015. J. Climate. 34, 4069–4087, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0619.1.

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3. Wu, X., Y. M. Okumura, and P. N. DiNezio, 2021: Predictability of El Niño Duration based on the Onset Timing. J. Climate. 34, 1351–1366, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0963.1.

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2. Wu, X., Y. M. Okumura, and P. N. DiNezio, 2019: What Controls the Duration of El Niño and La Niña Events? J. Climate, 32, 5941–5965, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0681.1. 

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1. Okumura, Y. M., T. Sun, and X. Wu, 2017: Asymmetric Modulation of El Niño and La Niña and the Linkage to Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability. J. Climate, 30, 4705–4733, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0680.1.